Nobel Prizes 2018
Chemistry
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frances H. Arnold
"for the directed evolution of enzymes"
George P. Smith
"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
Sir Gregory P. Winter
"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
Economic Sciences
- The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
William D. Nordhaus
"for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis"
Paul M. Romer
"for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis"
Literature
- The Nobel Prize in Literature
Olga Tokarczuk
"for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life"
Peace
- The Nobel Peace Prize
Denis Mukwege
"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict"
Nadia Murad
"for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict"
Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics
Arthur Ashkin
"for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems"
Gérard Mourou
"for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses"
Donna Strickland
"for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses"
Physiology or Medicine
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
James P. Allison
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"
Tasuku Honjo
"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation"