Nobel Prizes 2009
Chemistry
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
Thomas A. Steitz
"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
Ada E. Yonath
"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
Economic Sciences
- The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
Elinor Ostrom
"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"
Oliver E. Williamson
"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"
Literature
- The Nobel Prize in Literature
Herta Müller
"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"
Peace
- The Nobel Peace Prize
Barack H. Obama
"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"
Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles K. Kao
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
Willard S. Boyle
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor"
George E. Smith
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor"
Physiology or Medicine
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Carol W. Greider
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Jack W. Szostak
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"