Nobel Prizes 2008
Chemistry
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Osamu Shimomura
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Martin Chalfie
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Roger Y. Tsien
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Economic Sciences
- The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
Paul Krugman
"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"
Literature
- The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"
Peace
- The Nobel Peace Prize
Martti Ahtisaari
"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"
Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics
Yoichiro Nambu
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
Makoto Kobayashi
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Toshihide Maskawa
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Physiology or Medicine
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
Luc Montagnier
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"