Nobel Prizes 2002
Chemistry
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John B. Fenn
"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
Koichi Tanaka
"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
Kurt Wüthrich
"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
Economic Sciences
- The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
Daniel Kahneman
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
Vernon L. Smith
"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"
Literature
- The Nobel Prize in Literature
Imre Kertész
"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"
Peace
- The Nobel Peace Prize
Jimmy Carter
"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"
Physics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics
Raymond Davis Jr.
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
Masatoshi Koshiba
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
Riccardo Giacconi
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
Physiology or Medicine
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sydney Brenner
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
H. Robert Horvitz
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"
John E. Sulston
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death"